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Configuring IP Utilities
2-18 117358-A Rev. A
NTP uses the following criteria to determine the time server whose time is best:
• Time server with the lowest stratum
• Time server closest in proximity to the primary time server (reduces network
delays)
• Time server offering the highest claimed precision
NTP prefers to have access to several (at least three) servers at the lower stratum
level, since it can apply an agreement algorithm to detect a problem on any part of
the time source.
NTP Modes of Operation
NTP provides three modes of operation (or associations) in which time servers
and NTP clients can communicate with each other in the synchronization subnet:
unicast client mode, broadcast client mode, and multicast client mode. Currently,
Bay Networks supports only NTP client mode.
NTP forms an association when two remote time servers exchange messages and
one or both of them create and maintain an instantiation of the router.
Unicast Client Mode
Unicast client mode is the recommended mode of operation. Use unicast client
mode to configure a set of remote time servers (or peers) for time synchronization.
You can also configure access control filters for time servers in unicast vlient
mode, but normally you would perform this operation in broadcast client or
multicast client mode. For more information on performing these tasks, see
Chapter 7.
When you configure a set of remote time servers (peers), NTP creates a peer list
that includes each time server’s IP address. The NTP client uses the peer list to
determine which remote time servers to query for time information. When the
NTP client queries the remote time servers, they respond with various time
stamps, along with information about their clocks, such as stratum, precision, and
time reference (F
igure 2-6). The NTP client reviews the list of responses from all
the available servers and chooses one as the “best” available time source from
which to synchronize its internal clock.
- Configuring IP Utilities 1
- Contents 5
- 117358-A Rev. A 10
- About This Guide 17
- Before You Begin 18
- Conventions 18
- Acronyms 19
- Bay Networks Customer Service 20
- How to Get Help 21
- Chapter 1 23
- NetBIOS over IP Services 24
- 1-4 117358-A Rev. A 26
- Starting Configuration Tools 27
- 117358-A Rev. A 1-7 29
- Starting TCP Services 30
- Starting FTP Services 32
- Disabling and Enabling FTP 33
- Starting TFTP Services 35
- Starting Telnet Services 37
- 1-18 117358-A Rev. A 40
- Starting NTP Services 42
- Starting NetBIOS over IP 44
- 1-24 117358-A Rev. A 46
- Chapter 2 47
- TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet 47
- TCP Features 48
- How TCP Works 48
- 2-4 117358-A Rev. A 50
- (continued) 51
- TCP and IP Service Users 52
- FTP Overview 53
- How FTP Works 54
- Networks routers 55
- TFTP Overview 56
- Telnet Overview 57
- How Telnet Works 58
- Figure 2-3. Telnet Server 59
- 2-14 117358-A Rev. A 60
- Figure 2-4. Telnet Client 60
- NTP Overview 61
- Understanding NTP Terminology 61
- 2-16 117358-A Rev. A 62
- 117358-A Rev. A 2-17 63
- NTP Modes of Operation 64
- 117358-A Rev. A 2-19 65
- NetBIOS Overview 66
- NetBIOS in an IP Environment 67
- 117358-A Rev. A 2-23 69
- 2-24 117358-A Rev. A 70
- Chapter 3 71
- Customizing TCP Services 71
- Chapter 4 77
- Customizing FTP Services 77
- Chapter 5 87
- Customizing TFTP Services 87
- Using BCC 89
- Chapter 6 93
- Technician Interface Console 99
- Pausing Telnet Console Output 100
- Using Site Manager 101
- Using the BCC 101
- Changing the Login Timeout 102
- Changing the Password Timeout 103
- Changing the Command Timeout 104
- Changing Login Retries 106
- Customizing Telnet Services 107
- Configuring IP Utilities 108
- 6-16 117358-A Rev. A 108
- Enabling Diagnostic PTY Data 109
- Changing the History File 110
- Changing the Remote Port 114
- Changing the Command Prompt 115
- prompt system1 116
- Chapter 7 117
- Customizing NTP Services 117
- Disabling and Reenabling NTP 118
- Adding Remote Time Servers 120
- Setting Config Peer Mode 122
- Setting Local Host Mode 123
- Specifying Peer Preference 125
- 7-10 117358-A Rev. A 126
- 7-12 117358-A Rev. A 128
- 7-14 117358-A Rev. A 130
- Chapter 8 131
- Customizing NetBIOS over IP 131
- 8-2 117358-A Rev. A 132
- Configuring a NetBIOS Cache 133
- 8-4 117358-A Rev. A 134
- Aging a Cache Entry 136
- Customizing a Cache Search 138
- 8-10 117358-A Rev. A 140
- 8-12 117358-A Rev. A 142
- 8-14 117358-A Rev. A 144
- Supplying a Scope Identifier 146
- 8-18 117358-A Rev. A 148
- Appendix A 149
- Parameter Descriptions 149
- TCP Global Parameters 150
- FTP Global Parameters 152
- 154
- 154
- TFTP Parameters 155
- A-8 117358-A Rev. A 156
- 157
- A-12 117358-A Rev. A 160
- A-16 117358-A Rev. A 164
- NTP Global Parameters 165
- A-18 117358-A Rev. A 166
- 167
- A-20 117358-A Rev. A 168
- NetBIOS Global Parameters 170
- A-24 117358-A Rev. A 172
- A-28 117358-A Rev. A 176
- IP Accounting Parameters 177
- A-30 117358-A Rev. A 178
- Appendix B 179
- Site Manager Default Settings 179
- FTP Parameters 180
- Telnet Parameters 181
- NTP Parameters 182
- NetBIOS over IP Parameters 183
- Appendix C 185
- C-2 117358-A Rev. A 186
- Specifying the Policy Action 187
- Specifying the IP Service 188
- Specifying the Precedence 189
- Appendix D 191
- Configuring IP Accounting on 191
- Accounting table 192
- (continued) 193
- D-4 117358-A Rev. A 194
- Index-4 117358-A Rev. A 198
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