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Configuring IP Utilities
2-4 114071 Rev. A
Connection Types
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that requires that application programs at
both ends of the connection agree that a connection is desired before TCP traffic
can pass across an internet. To do so, the application program at one end performs
a passive open while the application program at the other end performs an active
open. For passive opens, a TCP client (the process or application program that
uses TCP) waits to accept incoming connection requests. Clients using passive
opens can listen for specific connection requests or for a range of inbound
requests. In an active open, the client initiates the connection. Once a connection
has been created, application programs can begin to pass data; that is, the
programs at each end exchange messages that guarantee reliable delivery.
Connections and Connection States
TCP establishes a set of access points, referred to as ports, for each host. It
associates each port with a network and host address to form a socket. A pair of
sockets, together with sequence numbers, window sizes, and status information,
form a TCP connection.
Table 2-2 lists the states through which a TCP connection proceeds during its
lifetime.
Table 2-2. TCP Connection States
State Definition
LISTEN (2) TCP listens for a connection request from any remote TCP.
SYN SENT (3) TCP sent a connection request (SYN segment) and waits for a
matching connection request and acknowledgment from the
remote TCP.
SYNRECEIVED (4) TCP sent a connection request, received a matching request,
and waits for a confirming connection request acknowledgment
from the remote TCP.
ESTABLISHED (5) Connection open. Data can be received and sent. This is the
normal state for the data transfer phase of the connection.
FINWAIT-1 (6) TCP waits for a connection termination request (FIN segment)
from the remote TCP, or for an acknowledgment of a previously
sent connection termination request.
(continued)
- Configuring IP Utilities 1
- Bay Networks Software License 3
- Contents 5
- 114071 Rev. A vii 7
- 114071 Rev. A ix 9
- 114071 Rev. A xi 11
- 114071 Rev. A xiii 13
- About This Guide 15
- Before You Begin 16
- Conventions 16
- Acronyms 17
- 114071 Rev. A 18
- 114071 Rev. A xix 19
- Bay Networks Customer Service 20
- World Wide Web 21
- Customer Service FTP 21
- Support Source CD 22
- CompuServe 22
- InfoFACTS 23
- How to Get Help 23
- Chapter 1 25
- Configuring IP on a Circuit 26
- Starting TCP 26
- Starting FTP 27
- Starting Telnet 28
- Starting NTP 29
- Where to Go Next 30
- Chapter 2 31
- How TCP Works 32
- TCP Features 32
- 2-4 114071 Rev. A 34
- (continued) 35
- TCP0001A 36
- FTP Overview 37
- TCP0002A 38
- Networks routers 39
- Telnet Overview 40
- TCP0005A 42
- NTP Overview 43
- NTP Architecture 43
- TCP0007A 44
- NTP Client Modes 45
- Unicast Client Mode 45
- TCP0006A 46
- Chapter 3 49
- Customizing TCP Services 49
- Configuring TCP on the Router 50
- Chapter 4 53
- Customizing FTP Services 53
- 4-2 114071 Rev. A 54
- Chapter 5 57
- Customizing Telnet Services 57
- 5-2 114071 Rev. A 58
- 5-4 114071 Rev. A 60
- 5-6 114071 Rev. A 62
- Chapter 6 65
- Customizing NTP Services 65
- Configuring NTP on the Router 66
- Adding Time Servers 67
- Setting Config Peer Mode 67
- Setting Local Host Mode 68
- Specifying Peer Preference 68
- Configuring NTP Access Control 69
- Appendix A 71
- Parameter Descriptions 71
- TCP Global Parameters 72
- FTP Global Parameters 74
- 76
- 76
- 77
- A-10 114071 Rev. A 80
- A-14 114071 Rev. A 84
- NTP Global Parameters 85
- A-16 114071 Rev. A 86
- 87
- A-18 114071 Rev. A 88
- Appendix B 91
- Site Manager Default Settings 91
- FTP Parameters 92
- Telnet Parameters 93
- NTP Parameters 94
- 114071 Rev. A Index-1 95
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